Belova E, Dalin P, Kirkwood S. 2007. Polar mesosphere summer echoes: a comparison of simultaneous observations at three wavelengths. Ann Geophys, 25: 2487-2496, doi: 10.5194/angeo- 25-2487-2007.
Cho J Y N, Röttger J. 1997. An updated review of polar mesosphere summer echoes: Observation, theory and their relation to noctilucent clouds and subvisible aerosols. J Geophys Res, 102: 2001-2020, doi: 10.1029/96JD02030.
Croskey C L, Mitchell J D, Friedrich M, et al. 2001. Electrical structure of PMSE and NLC regions during the DROPPS program. Geophys Res Lett, 28: 1427-1430.
Ecklund W L, Balsley B B. 1981. Long-term observations of the Arctic mesopause with the MST radar at Poker Flat Alaska. J Geophys Res, 86: 7775-7780, doi: 10.1029/JA086iA09p07775.
Eremenko M N, Petelina S V, Zasetsky A V, et al. 2005. Shape and composition of PMC particles derived from satellite remote sensing measurements. Geophys Res Lett, 32(16): L16S06, doi: 10.1029/ 2005GL023013.
Fiedler J, Baumgarten G, Berger U, et al. Long-term variations of noctilucent clouds at ALOMAR. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys, 162: 79-89.
Folkestad K, Hagfors T, Westerlund S. 1983. EISCAT: An updated description of technical characteristics and operational capabilities. Radio Sci, 18: 867-879, doi: 10.1029/RS018i006p00867.
Gadsden M. 1981. The silver-blue clouds again: Nucleation and growth of ice in the mesosphere. Planet Space Sci, 29(10): 1079-1087, doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(81)90005-2.
Garcia R R, Solomon S. 1985. Effect of breaking gravity waves on the dynamics and chemical composition of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. J Geophys Res, 90: 3850-3868, doi: 10.1029/JD090iD02p03850.
Havnes O, Brattli A, Aslaksen T, et al. 2001. First common volume observations of layered plasma structures and polar mesospheric summer echoes by rocket and radar. Geophys Res Lett, 28(8): 1419-1422.
Hoppe U P, Hall C, Röttger J. 1988. First observations of summer polar mesospheric backscatter with a 224 MHz radar. Geophys Res Lett, 15: 28-31, doi: 10.1029/GL015i001p00028.
Kaifler N, Baumgarten G, Fiedler J, et al. 2011. Coincident measurements of PMSE and NLC above ALOMAR (69°N, 16°E) by radar and lidar from 1999–2008. Atmospheric Chem Phys, 11: 1355-1366, doi: 10.5194/acp-11-1355-2011.
Kelley M C, Farley D T, Röttger J. 1987. The effect of cluster ions on anomalous VHF backscatter from the summer polar mesosphere. Geophys Res Lett, 14: 1031-1034, doi: 10.1029/GL014i010p01031.
Latteck R, Bremer J. 2017. Long-term variations of polar mesospheric summer echoes observed at Andøya (69°N). J Atmos Sol Terr Phys, 163: 31-37.
Lehtinen M S, Huuskonen A. 1996. General incoherent scatter analysis and GUISDAP. J Atmos Terr Phys, 58: 435-452, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169 (95)00047-X.
Li Q, Rapp M. 2011. PMSE-observations with the EISCAT VHF and UHF-radars: Statistical properties. J Atmos Terr Phys, 73(9): 944-956, doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.05.015.
Li Q, Rapp M. 2013. PMSE observations with the EISCAT VHF- and UHF-radars: Ice particles and their effect on ambient electron densities. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys, 104: 270-276, doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.10.015.
Lübken F J, Berger U, Baumgarten G. 2013. Temperature trends in the midlatitude summer mesosphere. J Geophys Res, 118(24): 13347-13360, doi: 10.1002/2013JD020576.
Lübken F J, Lehmacher G, Blix T, et al. 1993. First in-situ observations of neutral and plasma density fluctuations within a PMSE layer. Geophys Res Lett, 20: 2311-2314, doi: 10.1029/93GL00851.
Lübken F J, Rapp M, Hoffmann P. 2002. Neutral air turbulence and temperatures in the vicinity of polar mesosphere summer echoes. J Geophys Res, 107 (D15): ACL 9-1-ACL 9-10, doi: 10.1029/ 2001JD000915.
Lübken F J, Zecha M, Höffner J, et al. 2004. Temperatures, polar mesosphere summer echoes, and noctilucent clouds over Spitsbergen (78° N). J Geophys Res, 109, D11203, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004247.
Mitchell J, Croskey C L, Goldberg R. 2001. Evidence for charged aerosol particles and associated meter-scale structure in identified PMSE/NLC regions. Geophys Res Lett, 28 (8): 1423-1426, doi: 10.1029/2000 GL012685.
Næsheim L I, Havnes O, Lahoz C. 2008. A comparison of polar mesosphere summer echo at VHF (224 MHz) and UHF (930 MHz) and the effects of artificial electron heating. J Geophys Res, 113, D08205, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009245.
Rapp M, Lübken F J. 2003. On the nature of PMSE: Electron diffusion in the vicinity of charged particles revisited. J Geophys Res, 108 (D8): 8437, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002857.
Rapp M, Strelnikova I, Latteck R, et al. 2008. Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) studied at Bragg wavelengths of 2.8 m, 67 cm, and 16 cm. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys, 70(7): 947-961, doi: 10.1016/j.jastp. 2007.11.005.
Röttger J, Lahoz C. 1990. Characteristics of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) observed with the EISCAT 224 MHz radar and possible explanations of their origin. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys, 52 (10-11): 893-906, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(90)90023-G.
Röttger J, Rietveld M T, Lahoz C, et al. 1990. Polar mesosphere summer echoes observed with the EISCAT 933-MHz radar and the CUPRI 46.9 MHz radar, their similarity to 224 MHz radar echoes and their relation to turbulence and electron density profiles. Radio Sci, 25 (4): 671-687, doi: 10.1029/RS025i004p00671.
Thomas G E, Olivero J J, Jensen E J, et al. 1989. Relation between increasing methane and the presence of ice clouds in the mesopause. Nature, 338: 490-492, doi: 10.1038/338490a0
Thomas G E. 1991. Mesospheric clouds and the physics of the mesosphere region. Rev Geophys, 29: 553-575, doi: 10.1029/91 RG01604.
Thomas G E, Olivero J J. 2001. Noctilucent clouds as possible indicators of global change in the mesosphere. Adv Space Res, 28 (7): 937-946, doi: 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)80021-1.
Thomas G E, Olivero J J, Deland M, et al. 2011. Comment on “Are noctilucent clouds truly a “miner’s canary” for global change? Eos Trans AGU, 84 (37): 352-353, doi: 10.1029/2003EO370008.
Varney R H, Nicolls M J, Heinselman C J, et al. 2009. Observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes using PFISR during the summer of 2007. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys, 71: 470-476.
Zahn U V. 2011. Are noctilucent clouds truly a ‘‘miner’s canary’’ for global change? Eos Trans AGU, 84 (28): 261-264, doi: 10.1029/ 2003EO280001.